チェルノブイリと福島第一原発は史上最悪の原発事故を起こした。原子力災害のレベル７を指定されたのはこの二つだけだ。前者の自己は１９８６年４月２６日。後者は２０１１年３月１１日。それぞれ５２０万テラベクレル、３７万テラベクレルの放射線が放出された。事故後、原発から、半径それぞれ５００㎞および６０㎞が、放射能汚染地帯に指定された。事故は原因も被害も様々だったが、同じような荒涼たる風景を残した。写真を見てどちらがどちらだかわからないこともある。
1/26
© AFP 2023 / TASS
A picture dated 26 April 1996 for the 10th anniversary of the chernobyl disaster, showing the ghost city of Pripyat. This attractions park has been once local children's favourite place of rest.
2/26
© AP Photo / Sergey Ponomarev
This April 21, 2011 photo shows a playground at a kindergarten in the deserted town of Futaba, inside the 20-kilometer (12-mile) evacuation zone around the crippled Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant in Fukushima Prefecture, northeastern Japan. Chernobyl and Fukushima are some 5,000 miles apart but have much in common. The towns nearest to each of these stricken nuclear power stations, in Ukraine and Japan, whose disasters struck 25 years apart, already reveal eerie similarities.
3/26
© AFP 2023 / STF
Picture taken in April 1990 in chernobyl of buildings abandoned because of the radioactive contamination produced by the Chernobyl nuclear plant No. 4 reactor's blast, 26 April 1986, the world's worst nuclear accident of the 20th century.
4/26
© AFP 2023 / Mike Clarke
Only a couple of pedestrians are seen in the empty streets of Ichinoseki in Miyagi prefecture on March 17, 2011 following the earthquake and tsunami that hit on March 11 and the subsequent nuclear crisis at the Fukushima plant. The official number of dead and missing after a devastating earthquake and tsunami that flattened Japan's northeast coast has hit 14,650, police said on March 17, a rise of nearly 1,000 in just a few hours.
Класс в заброшенной чернобыльской школе.
Заброшенная школа в районе префектуры Фукусима.
7/26
© Sputnik / Igor Kostin
4-й энергоблок Чернобыльской атомной электростанции имени В.И.Ленина, в котором произошла авария 26 апреля 1986 года.
8/26
© AP Photo / David Guttenfelder
Сrippled Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant in Okuma, Japan. The U.S. had repeatedly warned Japan about vulnerabilities at its nuclear plants in case of a Sept. 11-style terror attack. It turned out Washington was right about the soft spots, but wrong about the enemy that would strike them. When nature unleashed its own fury on Japan last year, the elements Washington identified as most vulnerable in an attack, spent fuel pools, cooling systems, backup electricity, were the ones worst hit in Japan's disaster.
9/26
© AFP 2023 / TASS / Zufarov
An aerial shot, dated 31 December1986, of the Chernobyl nuclear plant in the Ukraine. A major explosion, 26 April 1996, at the plant affected 3,235,984 Ukrainians, according to local statistics, and sent radioactive clouds all over Europe.
10/26
© AFP 2023 / HO / AIR PHOTO SERVICE
This aerial view, taken by unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) of Air Photo Service on March 24, 2011 shows Tokyo Electric Power Co (TEPCO) Fukushima No.1 nuclear power plant at Okuma town in Fukushima prefecture. At left is the damaged fourth reactor, while at right the damaged third reactor.
11/26
© Sputnik / Igor Kostin
Люди, занимающиеся расчисткой кровли повреждённого реактора, одевают защитные костюмы.
12/26
© AFP 2023 / JIJI PRESS
Koriyama fire department staff check radiation levels of rescue personnel in Koriyama city in Fukushima prefecture on March 13, 2011. Japan battled a feared meltdown of two reactors at a quake-hit nuclear plant, as the full horror of the disaster emerged on the ravaged northeast coast where more than 10,000 were feared dead. An explosion at the ageing Fukushima No. 1 atomic plant blew apart the building housing one of its reactors om March 12, a day after the biggest quake ever recorded in Japan unleashed a monster 10-metre (33-foot) tsunami.
13/26
© AP Photo / Sergey Ponomarev
In this June 8, 2011 photo, a doll with a gas mask lies on the frame of a bed in the sleeping room of a kindergarten in the deserted town of in Pripyat, Ukraine, some 3 kilometers (1.86 miles) from the Chernobyl nuclear plant. Chernobyl and Fukushima are some 5,000 miles apart but have much in common. The towns nearest to each of these stricken nuclear power stations, in Ukraine and Japan, whose disasters struck 25 years apart, already reveal eerie similarities.
14/26
© AP Photo / Greg Baker
A bicycle and doghouse sit amongst overgrown grass and weeds at an abandoned farm in Iitate, just outside the 20 kilometer exclusion zone around the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear plant, in northeast Japan. Residents were forced to evacuate the town after radiation levels from the leaking plant exceeded those inside the exclusion zone.
15/26
© Sputnik / Igor Kostin
Люди очищают кровлю поврежденного реактора после аварии на Чернобыльской АЭС.
16/26
© AFP 2023 / Yoshikazu Tsuno
Japan's Self-Defense Force soldiers remove debris left by the March 11 tsunami in the city of Minamisoma in Fukushima prefecture on May 2, 2011. The March 11 earthquake and subsequent tsunami left some 26,000 dead or missing and obliterated whole towns and villages on the northeast coast.
17/26
© Sputnik / Igor Kostin
Сотрудник службы дезактивации обрабатывает здание раствором для консервации радиоактивной пыли. Территория Чернобыльской АЭС.
18/26
© AFP 2023 / Toru Yamanaka
Local residents look at a damaged house caused by a tsunami in Minamisoma, Fukushima Prefecture on March 12, 2011. More than 1,000 people were feared dead and authorities warned a meltdown may be under way at a nuclear plant Saturday after a monster tsunami devastated a swathe of northeast Japan.
19/26
© AFP 2023 / STF
photo prise en avril 1992 dans un village de la rйgion de Gomel abandonnй parce que contaminй par les retombйes radioactives de l'explosion du rйacteur No 4 de la centrale nuclйaire de Tchernobyl, le 26 avril 1986, le plus grave accident nuclйaire du XX siиcle.
Picture taken in April 1992 in a village in Gomel area abandoned because of the radioactive contamination produced by the Chernobyl nuclear plant No. 4 reactor's blast, 26 April 1986, the world's worst nuclear accident of the 20th century.
Picture taken in April 1992 in a village in Gomel area abandoned because of the radioactive contamination produced by the Chernobyl nuclear plant No. 4 reactor's blast, 26 April 1986, the world's worst nuclear accident of the 20th century.
20/26
© AFP 2023 / Yoshikazu Tsuno
Self Defense Force soldiers remove debris at tsunami washed field in the city of Minamisoma in Fukushima prefecture on May 2, 2011.Minamisoma city mayor Katsunobu Sakurai drew global attention with his 11-minute "S.O.S." video after the March 11 disaster when he warned of starvation among those left behind in what had become a ghost town. Since then, aid has flooded in and many residents have returned to those parts of the town that lie outside the 20-kilometre no-go zone around the radiation-leaking atomic plant.
21/26
© Sputnik / Yniakin
Дозиметристы проверяют уровень радиации у машин, выезжающих из города Чернобыль.
22/26
© Go Takayama
People line up for radiation screening at Koryama in Fukushima prefecture on March 21, 2011. Workers were temporarily evacuated from part of the quake-hit Fukushima nuclear plant in northeast Japan when smoke rose from one of the reactors. Japan has ordered a halt to shipments of certain foods from four prefectures after abnormal radiation levels were found in products near a quake-hit nuclear plant, a government spokesman said on March 21.
23/26
© AFP 2023 / TASS / Zufarov
Photo, dated 01 October 1986, showing repairs being carried out on the Chernobyl nuclear plant in the Ukraine, following a major explosion 26 April 1996 which, according to official statistics, affected 3,235,984 Ukrainians and sent radioactive clouds all over Europe.
24/26
© AFP 2023 / JIJI PRESS
An aerial view shows the quake-damaged Fukushima nuclear power plant in the Japanese town of Futaba, Fukushima prefecture on March 12, 2011. Japan scrambled to prevent nuclear accidents at two atomic plants where reactor cooling systems failed after a massive earthquake, as it evacuated tens of thousands of residents. Tokyo Electric Power, which runs the plants, said it had released some radioactive vapour into the atmosphere at one plant to relieve building reactor pressure, but said the move posed no health risks.
25/26
© Sputnik / Vitaliy Ankov
Дезактивация Чернобыльской атомной электростанции, где 26 апреля 1986 года произошла авария.
26/26
© AFP 2023 / Stringer
Policemen in radiation proof suits gather to serach for missing victims in Namie, Fukushima prefecture, within 20km from Stricken Tokyo Electric Power Co (TEPCO) Fukushima nuclear power plant on April 17, 2011. Japan's embattled TEPCO offered the timeline on April 17, 2011, more than five weeks after a giant quake and tsunami knocked out cooling systems at its six-reactor Fukushima atomic power station.
1/26
© AFP 2023 / TASS
A picture dated 26 April 1996 for the 10th anniversary of the chernobyl disaster, showing the ghost city of Pripyat. This attractions park has been once local children's favourite place of rest.
2/26
© AP Photo / Sergey Ponomarev
This April 21, 2011 photo shows a playground at a kindergarten in the deserted town of Futaba, inside the 20-kilometer (12-mile) evacuation zone around the crippled Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant in Fukushima Prefecture, northeastern Japan. Chernobyl and Fukushima are some 5,000 miles apart but have much in common. The towns nearest to each of these stricken nuclear power stations, in Ukraine and Japan, whose disasters struck 25 years apart, already reveal eerie similarities.
3/26
© AFP 2023 / STF
Picture taken in April 1990 in chernobyl of buildings abandoned because of the radioactive contamination produced by the Chernobyl nuclear plant No. 4 reactor's blast, 26 April 1986, the world's worst nuclear accident of the 20th century.
4/26
© AFP 2023 / Mike Clarke
Only a couple of pedestrians are seen in the empty streets of Ichinoseki in Miyagi prefecture on March 17, 2011 following the earthquake and tsunami that hit on March 11 and the subsequent nuclear crisis at the Fukushima plant. The official number of dead and missing after a devastating earthquake and tsunami that flattened Japan's northeast coast has hit 14,650, police said on March 17, a rise of nearly 1,000 in just a few hours.
Класс в заброшенной чернобыльской школе.
Заброшенная школа в районе префектуры Фукусима.
7/26
© Sputnik / Igor Kostin
4-й энергоблок Чернобыльской атомной электростанции имени В.И.Ленина, в котором произошла авария 26 апреля 1986 года.
8/26
© AP Photo / David Guttenfelder
Сrippled Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant in Okuma, Japan. The U.S. had repeatedly warned Japan about vulnerabilities at its nuclear plants in case of a Sept. 11-style terror attack. It turned out Washington was right about the soft spots, but wrong about the enemy that would strike them. When nature unleashed its own fury on Japan last year, the elements Washington identified as most vulnerable in an attack, spent fuel pools, cooling systems, backup electricity, were the ones worst hit in Japan's disaster.
9/26
© AFP 2023 / TASS / Zufarov
An aerial shot, dated 31 December1986, of the Chernobyl nuclear plant in the Ukraine. A major explosion, 26 April 1996, at the plant affected 3,235,984 Ukrainians, according to local statistics, and sent radioactive clouds all over Europe.
10/26
© AFP 2023 / HO / AIR PHOTO SERVICE
This aerial view, taken by unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) of Air Photo Service on March 24, 2011 shows Tokyo Electric Power Co (TEPCO) Fukushima No.1 nuclear power plant at Okuma town in Fukushima prefecture. At left is the damaged fourth reactor, while at right the damaged third reactor.
11/26
© Sputnik / Igor Kostin
Люди, занимающиеся расчисткой кровли повреждённого реактора, одевают защитные костюмы.
12/26
© AFP 2023 / JIJI PRESS
Koriyama fire department staff check radiation levels of rescue personnel in Koriyama city in Fukushima prefecture on March 13, 2011. Japan battled a feared meltdown of two reactors at a quake-hit nuclear plant, as the full horror of the disaster emerged on the ravaged northeast coast where more than 10,000 were feared dead. An explosion at the ageing Fukushima No. 1 atomic plant blew apart the building housing one of its reactors om March 12, a day after the biggest quake ever recorded in Japan unleashed a monster 10-metre (33-foot) tsunami.
13/26
© AP Photo / Sergey Ponomarev
In this June 8, 2011 photo, a doll with a gas mask lies on the frame of a bed in the sleeping room of a kindergarten in the deserted town of in Pripyat, Ukraine, some 3 kilometers (1.86 miles) from the Chernobyl nuclear plant. Chernobyl and Fukushima are some 5,000 miles apart but have much in common. The towns nearest to each of these stricken nuclear power stations, in Ukraine and Japan, whose disasters struck 25 years apart, already reveal eerie similarities.
14/26
© AP Photo / Greg Baker
A bicycle and doghouse sit amongst overgrown grass and weeds at an abandoned farm in Iitate, just outside the 20 kilometer exclusion zone around the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear plant, in northeast Japan. Residents were forced to evacuate the town after radiation levels from the leaking plant exceeded those inside the exclusion zone.
15/26
© Sputnik / Igor Kostin
Люди очищают кровлю поврежденного реактора после аварии на Чернобыльской АЭС.
16/26
© AFP 2023 / Yoshikazu Tsuno
Japan's Self-Defense Force soldiers remove debris left by the March 11 tsunami in the city of Minamisoma in Fukushima prefecture on May 2, 2011. The March 11 earthquake and subsequent tsunami left some 26,000 dead or missing and obliterated whole towns and villages on the northeast coast.
17/26
© Sputnik / Igor Kostin
Сотрудник службы дезактивации обрабатывает здание раствором для консервации радиоактивной пыли. Территория Чернобыльской АЭС.
18/26
© AFP 2023 / Toru Yamanaka
Local residents look at a damaged house caused by a tsunami in Minamisoma, Fukushima Prefecture on March 12, 2011. More than 1,000 people were feared dead and authorities warned a meltdown may be under way at a nuclear plant Saturday after a monster tsunami devastated a swathe of northeast Japan.
19/26
© AFP 2023 / STF
photo prise en avril 1992 dans un village de la rйgion de Gomel abandonnй parce que contaminй par les retombйes radioactives de l'explosion du rйacteur No 4 de la centrale nuclйaire de Tchernobyl, le 26 avril 1986, le plus grave accident nuclйaire du XX siиcle.
Picture taken in April 1992 in a village in Gomel area abandoned because of the radioactive contamination produced by the Chernobyl nuclear plant No. 4 reactor's blast, 26 April 1986, the world's worst nuclear accident of the 20th century.
Picture taken in April 1992 in a village in Gomel area abandoned because of the radioactive contamination produced by the Chernobyl nuclear plant No. 4 reactor's blast, 26 April 1986, the world's worst nuclear accident of the 20th century.
20/26
© AFP 2023 / Yoshikazu Tsuno
Self Defense Force soldiers remove debris at tsunami washed field in the city of Minamisoma in Fukushima prefecture on May 2, 2011.Minamisoma city mayor Katsunobu Sakurai drew global attention with his 11-minute "S.O.S." video after the March 11 disaster when he warned of starvation among those left behind in what had become a ghost town. Since then, aid has flooded in and many residents have returned to those parts of the town that lie outside the 20-kilometre no-go zone around the radiation-leaking atomic plant.
21/26
© Sputnik / Yniakin
Дозиметристы проверяют уровень радиации у машин, выезжающих из города Чернобыль.
22/26
© Go Takayama
People line up for radiation screening at Koryama in Fukushima prefecture on March 21, 2011. Workers were temporarily evacuated from part of the quake-hit Fukushima nuclear plant in northeast Japan when smoke rose from one of the reactors. Japan has ordered a halt to shipments of certain foods from four prefectures after abnormal radiation levels were found in products near a quake-hit nuclear plant, a government spokesman said on March 21.
23/26
© AFP 2023 / TASS / Zufarov
Photo, dated 01 October 1986, showing repairs being carried out on the Chernobyl nuclear plant in the Ukraine, following a major explosion 26 April 1996 which, according to official statistics, affected 3,235,984 Ukrainians and sent radioactive clouds all over Europe.
24/26
© AFP 2023 / JIJI PRESS
An aerial view shows the quake-damaged Fukushima nuclear power plant in the Japanese town of Futaba, Fukushima prefecture on March 12, 2011. Japan scrambled to prevent nuclear accidents at two atomic plants where reactor cooling systems failed after a massive earthquake, as it evacuated tens of thousands of residents. Tokyo Electric Power, which runs the plants, said it had released some radioactive vapour into the atmosphere at one plant to relieve building reactor pressure, but said the move posed no health risks.
25/26
© Sputnik / Vitaliy Ankov
Дезактивация Чернобыльской атомной электростанции, где 26 апреля 1986 года произошла авария.
26/26
© AFP 2023 / Stringer
Policemen in radiation proof suits gather to serach for missing victims in Namie, Fukushima prefecture, within 20km from Stricken Tokyo Electric Power Co (TEPCO) Fukushima nuclear power plant on April 17, 2011. Japan's embattled TEPCO offered the timeline on April 17, 2011, more than five weeks after a giant quake and tsunami knocked out cooling systems at its six-reactor Fukushima atomic power station.
しかし、恐ろしい雰囲気や現実的な危険にもかかわらず、あるいは、むしろそれらのことのおかげで、チェルノブイリ原発の立ち入り制限区域は９０年代半ばから、略奪者だけでなく、観光客が入るようになった。多くが旅行会社のサービスで合法的に入ったのだ。最初のツアーは１９９５年。２００２年には国連報告書で区域のほとんどがすでに特に人体に有害ではなくなっているとされた。以降毎年１０００人をこえるペースで可能客は増え続け、２００７年には現実のチェルノブイリ原発周辺をもとにしたゲーム「S.T.A.L.K.E.R.」が発表された。ゲームの人気が高まるほどに、ツアーの人気も高まって行った。
ゲーム名にもあるように、チェルノブイリ原発周辺に不法侵入する人のことを「ストーカー」と呼び、この間にこの分野は一種のサブカルチャーとなり、サイトやフォーラムをネット上にもち、地図や観光ガイド本、さらには、特殊な装備や技術まで生み出されている。さらには「ストーカーのメッセンジャー」なる機関紙まで出ている。処罰の恐怖も彼らの足枷とはならない。ウクライナの法制では立ち入り制限区域への立ち入りは刑事犯罪にさえなるというのに。合法的な侵入は検問で特別な許可証や身分証などを示し、付添人を伴わなければならず、勝手に区域内を移動することは禁じられている。
にもかかわらず、区域内には、不法に歩き回っているもの、どころか、不法に住んでいるものもである。事故処理後に自家に帰還したものもいれば、勝手に無主の家に住みついたものもいる。
チェルノブイリ原発観光は禁じられていないどころか、非常に人気でさえある。２００９年にはフォーブス誌で同原発が世界最高に「エキゾチックな」旅行先として紹介された。グーグルで検索すれば膨大な数の旅行会社がヒットし、団体、個人、長さも１日から３０日まで、様々なプランが提示されている。クライアントは様々だ。学者、記者、元住人、パニックものやホラーものが好きな人たち。世界数十カ国から観光客が訪れる。その中には当然、日本人もいる。
中でも最大級の旅行社のひとつGo2Chernobylによれば、クライアントは時に週３－４０００人に上るという。昨年は２万人もが同原発を訪れたという。日本など東アジアからの参加者は近隣諸国と比べて少ないが、日本人団体が来るようになったのはつい最近のことだという。日本人向けガイドであるヴィクトルはスプートニクのインタビューで、日本人団体は木の人形を持ってきて、それと至る所で写真を撮っていた、と語った。また日本からは同じようなツアーを日本の福島でも行いたいという人も来た、という。
